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11.
Wei‐Chun Cheng Yi‐Huey Chen Hon‐Tsen Yu J. Dale Roberts Yeong‐Choy Kam 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2013,119(4):286-295
Sequential polygyny is a reproductive strategy that allows males to continue to mate and compensates for the loss of future breeding opportunities incurred by parental care (i.e. egg attendance). Using the frog Kurixalus eiffengeri, we tested predictions that (1) attending males fathered two, overlapping clutches; and (2) that double clutching leads to improved offspring numbers. Using five microsatellite DNA markers, we genotyped 15 pairs of overlapping clutches, which differed slightly in developmental stage at a single egg‐laying site. Parentage analyses showed at least 12 of 15 pairs of overlapping egg clutches were sired by the attending male mated with different females, providing the first genetic evidence to support an earlier prediction that attending males sired both egg clutches. Field surveys found a low incidence of overlapping clutches (4.9% of 263 egg‐occupied stumps), suggesting sequential polygyny is uncommon. Stumps with multiple clutches contained significantly more eggs than stumps with single clutches but hatched similar number of tadpoles. Results suggest that continuous calling that attracts females during egg attendance is a reproductive tactic that maximizes mating opportunities. However, adoption of the sequential polygyny tactic may only result in marginal fitness gains for males that are traded off against average higher egg mortality in larger egg clutches. 相似文献
12.
Simeon Bowers Ying-zi Xu Shendong Yuan Gary D. Probst Roy K. Hom Wayman Chan Andrei W. Konradi Hing L. Sham Yong L. Zhu Paul Beroza Hu Pan Eric Brecht Nanhua Yao Julie Lougheed Danny Tam Zhao Ren Lany Ruslim Michael P. Bova Dean R. Artis 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(7):2181-2186
The structure–activity relationship of a series of dihydroisoquinoline BACE-1 inhibitors is described. Application of structure-based design to screening hit 1 yielded sub-micromolar inhibitors. Replacement of the carboxylic acid of 1 was guided by X-ray crystallography, which allowed the replacement of a key water-mediated hydrogen bond. This work culminated in compounds such as 31, which possess good BACE-1 potency, excellent permeability and a low P-gp efflux ratio. 相似文献
13.
Shiu Lun Au Yeung Chaoqiang Jiang Kar Keung Cheng Benjamin J. Cowling Bin Liu Weisen Zhang Tai Hing Lam Gabriel M. Leung C. Mary Schooling 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
Observational studies show moderate alcohol use negatively associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, healthier attributes among moderate users compared to never users may confound the apparent association. A potentially less biased way to examine the association is Mendelian randomization, using alcohol metabolizing genes which influence alcohol use.Methods
We used instrumental variable analysis with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotypes (AA/GA/GG) as instrumental variables for alcohol use to examine the association of alcohol use (10 g ethanol/day) with CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids and glucose) and morbidity (self-reported IHD and CVD) among men in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.Results
ALDH2 genotypes were a credible instrument for alcohol use (F-statistic 74.6). Alcohol was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (0.05 mmol/L per alcohol unit, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.08) and diastolic blood pressure (1.15 mmHg, 95% CI 0.23 to 2.07) but not with systolic blood pressure (1.00 mmHg, 95% CI -0.74 to 2.74), LDL-cholesterol (0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.08), log transformed triglycerides (0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.08) or log transformed fasting glucose (0.01 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.006 to 0.03), self-reported CVD (odds ratio (OR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.27) or self-reported IHD (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.45).Conclusion
Low to moderate alcohol use among men had the expected effects on most CVD risk factors but not fasting glucose. Larger studies are needed to confirm the null associations with IHD, CVD and fasting glucose. 相似文献14.
15.
Multiple determinants influence root colonization and induction of induced systemic resistance by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SONG HEE HAN ANNE J. ANDERSON KWANG YEOL YANG BAIK HO CHO KIL YONG KIM MYUNG CHUL LEE YONG HWAN KIM YOUNG CHEOL KIM 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2006,7(6):463-472
Colonization of the roots of tobacco by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 induces systemic resistance to the soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovara SCC1. A screen of the transposon mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 showed mutants with about a fivefold reduction in ability to induce systemic resistance to the soft-rot disease. These mutations disrupted genes involved in diverse functions: a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, biosynthesis of purines, phospholipase C, transport of branched-chain amino acids and an ABC transporter. Additional mutations were detected in the intergenic spacer regions between genes encoding a GGDEF protein and fumarate dehydratase, and in genes of unknown function. The mutants in the ABC transporters did not display reduced root colonization. However, the other mutants had up to 100-fold reduced colonization levels. Generally the production of metabolites important for interactions in the rhizosphere, phenazines and siderophores, was not altered by the mutations. A reduced induction of systemic resistance by a purine biosynthesis mutant with a disrupted purM gene correlated with poor growth rate, lesser production of phenazines and siderophore and low levels of root colonization. These studies showed that multiple determinants are involved in the induction of systemic resistance, with there being a requirement for strong root colonization. 相似文献
16.
Brooks M. Henningsen Shuen Hon Sean F. Covalla Carolina Sonu D. Aaron Argyros Trisha F. Barrett Erin Wiswall Allan C. Froehlich Rintze M. Zelle 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2015,81(23):8108-8117
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has recently been engineered to use acetate, a primary inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, as a cosubstrate during anaerobic ethanolic fermentation. However, the original metabolic pathway devised to convert acetate to ethanol uses NADH-specific acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase and quickly becomes constrained by limited NADH availability, even when glycerol formation is abolished. We present alcohol dehydrogenase as a novel target for anaerobic redox engineering of S. cerevisiae. Introduction of an NADPH-specific alcohol dehydrogenase (NADPH-ADH) not only reduces the NADH demand of the acetate-to-ethanol pathway but also allows the cell to effectively exchange NADPH for NADH during sugar fermentation. Unlike NADH, NADPH can be freely generated under anoxic conditions, via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. We show that an industrial bioethanol strain engineered with the original pathway (expressing acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis and with deletions of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes GPD1 and GPD2) consumed 1.9 g liter−1 acetate during fermentation of 114 g liter−1 glucose. Combined with a decrease in glycerol production from 4.0 to 0.1 g liter−1, this increased the ethanol yield by 4% over that for the wild type. We provide evidence that acetate consumption in this strain is indeed limited by NADH availability. By introducing an NADPH-ADH from Entamoeba histolytica and with overexpression of ACS2 and ZWF1, we increased acetate consumption to 5.3 g liter−1 and raised the ethanol yield to 7% above the wild-type level. 相似文献
17.
18.
目的:观察不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果。方法:将90例ASAI.II级、年龄18~60岁拟行腹腔镜妇科手术的患者随机分成3组,每组30例,A组给予地佐辛0.1mg/kg开皮前15rain静脉注射;B组给予地佐辛0.15mg/kg开皮前15min静脉注射;C组给予地佐辛0.2mg/kg开皮前15min静脉注射,采用VAS评分评估术后镇痛效果并观察术后辅助镇痛药物的使用和不良反应的发生情况。结果:B、c组术后2、4、6、8h的VAS评分明显低于A组(P〈0.05);C组术后2、4h的Ramsay评分明显高于A、B组(P〈0.05);A组术后辅助镇痛药的使用率明显高于B组和C组(P/0.05);3组不良反应的发生率比较均无统计学差异(P〉0.05)。结论:开皮前15rain静注地佐辛0.15mg/kg用于腹腔镜妇科手术镇痛效果好,且不增加不良反应的发生率。 相似文献
19.
ASPECTS OF TRANSLOCATION OF CARBON IN THE TULIP 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1